Case: United States v. State of New Jersey

2:10-cv-00091 | U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey

Filed Date: Jan. 7, 2010

Closed Date: 2017

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Case Summary

On January 7, 2010, the United States filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, against the State of New Jersey Civil Service Commission. The U.S. claimed that the promotional practices established by the New Jersey Civil Service Commission had an illegal disparate impact on African-American and Hispanic candidates for promotion to the rank of Police Sergeant. The U.S. Department of Justice sought a court order barring written examinations as a pass/fail screening method for promotion to Police Sergeant, and certification of candidates for promotion to Police Sergeant from eligibility lists in descending-rank order. The U.S. also asked for retrospective remedies including back pay with interest and priority promotion with retroactive seniority to candidates affected by the allegedly discriminatory practices.

The case focused on New Jersey's written multiple-choice examination, which was used as a pass/fail screening mechanism for eligibility for promotion; this testing protocol resulted in a statistically significant gap in the percentage of African-American and Hispanic candidates placed on an eligibility list. The practice of certifying candidates for promotion from the eligibility list in descending-rank order based on exam scores and seniority also resulted in a statistically significant percentage of African-American and Hispanic candidates on the list not being certified for promotion.

On November 22, 2011, the parties agreed to a consent decree that enjoined the New Jersey Civil Service Commission from using the challenged promotion practices as well as any practices that violate Title VII, established settlement funds for awarding back pay, policies for enacting priority promotions, and dates and processes to notify individuals who may be eligible for relief. The consent decree was set to expire on the latest of the following dates: three years from the date of entry, upon fulfillment of the defendants' obligations regarding individual relief, or upon the state's administration of the second police sergeant exam. Each party agreed to pay its own attorneys' fees. On June 12, 2012, the District Court (Judge Katharine S. Hayden) issued an opinion approving the consent decree for final entry. 2012 WL 3265905.

After notifying individuals eligible for relief under the consent decree, proceedings taking objections to the consent decree, and fairness hearings determining individual relief, the parties submitted a relief awards list and all objections to the list.

On May 10, 2013, various parties who objected to the approval of the final relief awards list appealed the decision of the District Court to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (Judges Sloviter, Fuentes, and Rother), which upheld the decision of the District Court on June 13, 2013. 522 Fed.Appx. 167. The same parties petitioned the United States Supreme Court for review, but cert was denied. Hamdeh v. United States, 134 S.Ct. 529 (2013). On April 10, 2014, the court (Judge Katharine S. Hayden) issued an opinion approving the final relief award list. 2014 WL 1404642.

Subsequently, the DOJ moved to modify paragraph 67 of the consent decree arguing that in certain jurisdictions, alternating on a one-to-one basis between the two lists might afford some priority promotion candidates greater than make-whole relief because they would receive a promotion before individuals on an SRL who have earlier actual appointment dates. However, on September 30, 2015, the court (Judge Hayden) denied the motion.

By its terms, the consent decree expired in September 2016 after Commission administered two police sergeant examinations. On September 12, 2016, the U.S. filed a motion for extension of the consent decree. Based on unsatisfactory results from the second administration of the exam, the U.S. sought to extend provisions of the consent decree that authorize it to oversee the composition and administration of a third examination.

On June 30, 2017, Judge Hayden denied the U.S.'s motion for extension of the consent decree. The U.S. argued that, based on the unexpected results of the second examination, it hadn't actually had a chance to review New Jersey's police sergeant selection procedure as required by the consent decree, and that therefore a third examination was required. Based on its terms, extending the consent decree requires a showing of good cause. However, Judge Hayden applied a different standard: whether circumstances had sufficiently changed such that the basic purpose of the original consent decree had been thwarted. The Court found that the parties had fulfilled their defined obligations, and that the consent decree would be substantially modified were it revived and the DOJ given an additional measure of authority over the administration of a third examination.

Therefore, the consent decree has expired.

Summary Authors

Claire Lally (10/9/2014)

Jessica Kincaid (4/1/2016)

Eva Richardson (12/30/2018)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/5823119/parties/united-states-v-state-of-new-jersey/

Judge(s)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Banaszak, Elizabeth Belle (District of Columbia)

Blake, Trevor St. George (District of Columbia)

Burrell, Meredith (District of Columbia)

Dimsey, Dennis J. (District of Columbia)

Eichhorn, Jennifer L. (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Judge(s)

Fuentes, Julio M. (New Jersey)

Hayden, Katharine Sweeney (New Jersey)

Roth, Jane Richards (Delaware)

Sloviter, Dolores Korman (Pennsylvania)

Waldor, Cathy L (New Jersey)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Banaszak, Elizabeth Belle (District of Columbia)

Blake, Trevor St. George (District of Columbia)

Burrell, Meredith (District of Columbia)

Dimsey, Dennis J. (District of Columbia)

Eichhorn, Jennifer L. (District of Columbia)

Funk, Hilary (District of Columbia)

Gadzichowski, John M. (District of Columbia)

Holder, Eric H. Jr. (District of Columbia)

Hussain, Varda (District of Columbia)

King, Loretta (District of Columbia)

Lander, Esther G. (District of Columbia)

Murphy, Joseph S (New Jersey)

Perez, Thomas E. (District of Columbia)

Thawley, Barbara E (District of Columbia)

Valerie, Meyer Leigh (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Jespersen, Kevin R. (New Jersey)

Ruch, Lisa Dorio (New Jersey)

Scott, Susan Marie (New Jersey)

Walter, Melanie Rose (New Jersey)

Attorney Contact Information via CourtListener

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case

2:10-cv-00091	Docket [PACER] United States of America v. State of New Jersey	May 22, 2018	May 22, 2018 Docket
1 2:10-cv-00091	Complaint United States of America v. State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Service Commision	Jan. 7, 2010	Jan. 7, 2010 Complaint
38 2:10-cv-00091	Joint Motion for Provisional Entry of Consent Decree and Scheduling of Initial Fairness Hearing (and brief in support, and proposed consent decree) United States of America v. State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Service Commission	Aug. 1, 2011	Aug. 1, 2011 Settlement Agreement
49 2:10-cv-00091	Second Amended Consent Decree United States of America v. State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Service Commision	Nov. 22, 2011	Nov. 22, 2011 Settlement Agreement
71 2:10-cv-00091	Opinion Regarding Second Amended Consent Decree United States of America v. State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Services Commission	June 12, 2012	June 12, 2012 Order/Opinion 2012 WL 3265905
84 12-02964	Opinion of the Court United States of America v. State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Service Commission U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit	June 13, 2013	June 13, 2013 Order/Opinion 522 Fed.Appx. 167
89 2:10-cv-00091	Opinion Approving Final Relief Award List United States of America v. State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Service Commission	April 10, 2014	April 10, 2014 Order/Opinion 2014 WL 1404642
96 2:10-cv-00091	Opinion	Sept. 30, 2015	Sept. 30, 2015 Order/Opinion 2015 WL 5770137
122 2:10-cv-00091	Opinion	June 30, 2017	June 30, 2017 Order/Opinion

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Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/5823119/united-states-v-state-of-new-jersey/

Last updated March 25, 2026, 4:58 a.m.

ECF Number	Date	Description	Link
1	Jan. 7, 2010	COMPLAINT against NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY (Filing fee $ None Required.) None., filed by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)(ld, ) (Entered: 01/11/2010) 1 Civil Cover Sheet View on PACER	Clearinghouse
2	Jan. 7, 2010	Request for Summons to be Issued by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA as to NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY. (ld, ) (Entered: 01/11/2010)	RECAP
3	Jan. 11, 2010	SUMMONS ISSUED as to NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY Attached is the official court Summons, please fill out Defendant and Plaintiffs attorney information and serve. Issued By Leroy Dunbar (ld, ) (Entered: 01/11/2010)	RECAP
4	Jan. 12, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by ESTHER GWEN LANDER on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (LANDER, ESTHER) (Entered: 01/12/2010)	RECAP
5	Jan. 12, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by MEREDITH LYNN BURRELL on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (BURRELL, MEREDITH) (Entered: 01/12/2010)	RECAP
6	Feb. 3, 2010	Request for Extension of Time to ANSWER to Complaint by NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY.(RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 02/03/2010)	RECAP
7	Feb. 4, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by ELIZABETH BELLE BANASZAK on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (BANASZAK, ELIZABETH) (Entered: 02/04/2010)	RECAP
8	Feb. 23, 2010	Application and Proposed Order for Clerk's Order to extend time to answer as to Defendants' Time to Answer.. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service, # 2 Statement, # 3 Certification, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 02/23/2010) 1 Certificate of Service View on PACER 2 Statement View on PACER 3 Certification View on PACER 4 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
9	Feb. 25, 2010	ORDER granting defts., STATE OF NJ & NJ CIVIL SERV. COMM. an extension of time to answer Cmp. until 3/29/10.. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 2/25/10. (DD, ) (Entered: 03/01/2010)	RECAP
	March 1, 2010	Update Answer Due Deadline as to defts., STATE OF NJ & NJ CIVIL SERV. COMM. until 3/29/10 (DD, )
10	March 26, 2010	Second MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer by NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY. (Attachments: # 1 Certification, # 2 Certificate of Service, # 3 Statement, # 4 Text of Proposed Order)(RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 03/26/2010) 1 Certification View on PACER 2 Certificate of Service View on PACER 3 Statement View on PACER 4 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
11	March 29, 2010	ORDER granting 10 Motion for Extension of Time to Answer. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 3/29/10. (sr, ) (Entered: 03/29/2010)	RECAP
	March 29, 2010	Set Deadline as to 10 Second MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer. Motion set for 4/19/2010 before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. The motion will be decided on the papers. No appearances required unless notified by the court. (sr, )
12	April 12, 2010	ANSWER to Complaint by NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 04/12/2010) 1 Certificate of Service View on PACER	RECAP
13	April 30, 2010	Amended ANSWER to Complaint by NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 04/30/2010) 1 Certificate of Service View on PACER	RECAP
14	June 23, 2010	SCHEDULING ORDER Setting Scheduling Conference for 8/10/2010 11:00 AM in Newark - Courtroom 2C before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 6/23/10. (NR) (Entered: 06/23/2010)	RECAP
15	June 29, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by VARDA HUSSAIN on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 06/29/2010)	RECAP
16	July 28, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by KEVIN R. JESPERSEN on behalf of NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY (JESPERSEN, KEVIN) (Entered: 07/28/2010)	RECAP
17	July 29, 2010	Joint Discovery Plan by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Attachment 1 to Joint Discovery Plan)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 07/29/2010) 1 Attachment 1 to Joint Discovery Plan View on PACER	RECAP
18	Aug. 5, 2010	TEXT ORDER - The Scheduling Conference set for August 10, 2010 at 11:00 a.m. has been adjourned until September 8, 2010 at 4:30 p.m. in Newark - Courtroom 2C before the Hon. Michael A. Shipp, U.S.M.J. ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 8/5/10. (NR ) (Entered: 08/05/2010)	RECAP
	Sept. 8, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Scheduling Conference held on 9/8/2010. Parties to submit scheduling order. (NR )
19	Sept. 15, 2010	Letter from United States Regarding Proposed Scheduling Order. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(BANASZAK, ELIZABETH) (Entered: 09/15/2010) 1 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
20	Sept. 22, 2010	PRETRIAL SCHEDULING ORDER:In-Person Settlement Conference set for 3/3/2011 11:00 AM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Final Pretrial Conference set for 12/20/2011 11:00 AM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Status ConferenceS set for 2/14/2011 01:00 PM, 6/2/11 10:30 AM, 9/15/11 10:30 AM, Discovery due by 10/14/2011; etc. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 9/22/10. (sr, ) (Entered: 09/23/2010)	RECAP
21	Oct. 15, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by VALERIE LEIGH MEYER on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (MEYER, VALERIE) (Entered: 10/15/2010)	RECAP
22	Oct. 21, 2010	MOTION to Amend/Correct 20 Scheduling Order, by NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 10/21/2010) 1 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
23	Oct. 25, 2010	Revised Pretrial SCHEDULING ORDER: Settlement Conference set for 3/3/2011 11:00 AM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Telephone Conference set for 2/14/2011 01:00 PM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Final Pretrial Conference set for 12/20/2011 11:00 AM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Amended Pleadings due by 12/13/2010. Fact & expert Discovery due by 11/4/2011. Joinder of Parties due by 12/13/2010. Proposed Pretrial Order due by 12/13/2011. Telephone Conference set for 6/2/2011 10:30 AM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp. Telephone Conference set for 9/15/2011 10:30 AM before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp.. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 10/25/10. (jd, ) (Entered: 10/28/2010)	RECAP
24	Nov. 5, 2010	AFFIDAVIT/Certification in support of discovery confidentiality order of Lisa D. Ruch by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 11/05/2010) 1 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
25	Dec. 16, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by HILARY J. FUNK on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (FUNK, HILARY) (Entered: 12/16/2010)	RECAP
26	Jan. 4, 2011	PROTECTIVE ORDER fld. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 1/4/11. (sr, ) (Entered: 01/04/2011)	RECAP
27	Feb. 9, 2011	Letter from United States and State of New Jersey Regarding Status of Case. (HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 02/09/2011)	RECAP
	Feb. 14, 2011	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Status Conference Call held on 2/14/2011. (NR)
28	March 3, 2011	TEXT ORDER - Pursuant to the 3/3/11 settlement conference, there shall be a follow-up in-person settlement conference on 4/4/11 at 2:00 p.m. All counsel with full settlement authority must appear in person. By 3/28/11, both parties shall submit an ex-parte confidential settlement position letter to the Court via facsimile to (973) 645-4412. ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 3/3/11. (NR ) (Entered: 03/03/2011)	RECAP
	March 3, 2011	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Settlement Conference held on 3/3/2011. (NR )
29	March 28, 2011	NOTICE of Appearance by TREVOR ST. GEORGE BLAKE on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (BLAKE, TREVOR) (Entered: 03/28/2011)	RECAP
30	April 4, 2011	TEXT ORDER - Pursuant to the in-person settlement conference held on 4/4/11, there shall be a follow-up in person settlement conference on 4/26/11 at 2:00 p.m. By 4/19/11, the parties shall submit updated confidential settlement position letters to the Court via fax (973) 645-4412. ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 4/4/11. (NR) (Entered: 04/04/2011)	RECAP
	April 4, 2011	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Settlement Conference held on 4/4/2011. (NR)
31	April 8, 2011	Letter from United States Requesting Emergency Teleconference. (BANASZAK, ELIZABETH) (Entered: 04/08/2011)	RECAP
32	April 8, 2011	Text Order: The parties' request for an emergency telephone conference (Doc. No. 31) is denied. In the event of a lapse in appropriations, in order to discuss the current scheduling order and any need for extensions.a telephone status conference shall be scheduled once Congress has appropriated funds for the Department.ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 4/8/11. (NR) (Entered: 04/08/2011)	RECAP
33	April 26, 2011	TEXT ORDER - Pursuant to the 4/26/11 in-person settlement conference, the parties shall meet and confer regarding the settlement of this matter by 4/29/11. Counsel shall e-file a joint status letter to this Court discussing the outcome of the meeting by 5/4/11.ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 4/26/11. (NR ) (Entered: 04/26/2011)	RECAP
	April 26, 2011	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Settlement Conference held on 4/26/2011. (NR )
34	May 11, 2011	TEXT ORDER - A telephone status conference shall be held on 5/19/11 at 3:30 p.m. Counsel for Plaintiff shall initiate the call to (973) 645-3827. ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 5/11/11. (NR ) (Entered: 05/11/2011)	RECAP
	May 19, 2011	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Status Conference Call held on 5/19/2011. (NR )
35	May 20, 2011	Text Order: Pursuant to the 5/19/11 telephone status conference, the parties have indicated that a settlement in principle has been reached. By 7/18/11, the parties shall file a motion for preliminary approval of the settlement agreement and, if necessary or appropriate, shall further e-file a joint status letter setting forth proposed dates for a fairness hearing. ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 5/20/11. (NR) (Entered: 05/20/2011)	RECAP
36	July 15, 2011	Letter from New Jersey Civil Service Commission. (RUCH, LISA) (Entered: 07/15/2011)	RECAP
37	July 18, 2011	ORDER extending time as to the State of New Jersey, et al to finalize motion for preliminary approval of the settlement agreement. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 7/18/11. (sr, ) (Entered: 07/19/2011)	RECAP
38	Aug. 1, 2011	Joint MOTION Provisional Entry of Consent Decree and Scheduling of Initial Fairness Hearing by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Brief of United States in Support of Joint Motion, # 2 Exhibit Consent Decree and Attachments A-K, # 3 Exhibit Declaration of Dr. Bernard R. Siskin, # 4 Exhibit Declaration of Dr. David P. Jones, # 5 Exhibit Deposition Excerpt of D. Hill, # 6 Statement Defendants' Letter Joining in Motion for Provisional Entry of Consent Decree, # 7 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 08/01/2011) 1 Brief of United States in Support of Joint Motion View on PACER 2 Exhibit Consent Decree and Attachments A-K View on PACER 3 Exhibit Declaration of Dr. Bernard R. Siskin View on PACER 4 Exhibit Declaration of Dr. David P. Jones View on PACER 6 Statement Defendants' Letter Joining in Motion for Provisional Entry of Con View on PACER 7 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order View on PACER	Clearinghouse
	Aug. 2, 2011	Set Deadlines as to 38 Joint MOTION Provisional Entry of Consent Decree and Scheduling of Initial Fairness Hearing. Motion set for 9/6/2011 before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. The motion will be decided on the papers. No appearances required unless notified by the court. (nic, )
39	Aug. 8, 2011	REDACTION to 38 Joint MOTION Provisional Entry of Consent Decree and Scheduling of Initial Fairness Hearing Exhibit Deposition Excerpt of D. Hill by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (FUNK, HILARY) (Entered: 08/08/2011)	RECAP
40	Aug. 9, 2011	Joint MOTION to Remove the Unredacted Deposition Excerpt of D. Hill from Docket No. 38 by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(FUNK, HILARY) (Entered: 08/09/2011) 1 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
41	Aug. 10, 2011	ORDER that the Clerk's Office shall temporarily maintain the unredacted deposition excerpt of D. Hill (DE#38-5) under seal. The parties' joint motion to remove the unredacted deposition excerpt (DE#40) is administratively terminated, and the parties shall jointly file a formal motion to seal by 8/17/11. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 8/10/11. (sr, ) (Entered: 08/10/2011)	RECAP
42	Aug. 11, 2011	Joint MOTION to Seal the Unredacted Deposition Excerpt of D. Hill Maintained at Docket Entry Number 38-5 by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(FUNK, HILARY) (Entered: 08/11/2011) 1 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
	Aug. 12, 2011	Set Deadline as to 42 Joint MOTION to Seal the Unredacted Deposition Excerpt of D. Hill Maintained at Docket Entry Number 38-5. Motion set for 9/6/2011 before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. The motion will be decided on the papers. No appearances required unless notified by the court. (sr, )
43	Aug. 15, 2011	ORDER granting 42 Motion to Seal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 8/15/11. (sr, ) (Entered: 08/15/2011)	RECAP
44	Sept. 15, 2011	Text Order: There shall be a telephone status conference on 9/30/11 at 10:00 a.m. Counsel for Plaintiff shall initiate the call to 973-645-3827. By 9/23/11, the parties shall e-file a joint status letter to this Court, setting forth proposed dates for the initial fairness hearing and any other issues that require the Court's assistance.ORDERED by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 9/15/11. (NR) (Entered: 09/15/2011)	RECAP
45	Sept. 15, 2011	ORDER/CONSENT DECREE FLD. Signed by Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp on 9/15/11. (sr, ) (Entered: 09/16/2011)	RECAP
46	Sept. 23, 2011	Letter from Plaintiff United States and Defendants State of New Jersey and New Jersey Civil Service Commission. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 Amended Consent Decree, # 2 Exhibit 2 Revised Attachment E, # 3 Exhibit 3 Revised Attachment H, # 4 Exhibit 4 Revised Attachment I, # 5 Exhibit 5 Revised Attachment J)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 09/23/2011) 1 Exhibit 1 Amended Consent Decree View on PACER 2 Exhibit 2 Revised Attachment E View on PACER 3 Exhibit 3 Revised Attachment H View on PACER 4 Exhibit 4 Revised Attachment I View on PACER 5 Exhibit 5 Revised Attachment J View on PACER	RECAP
	Sept. 30, 2011	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Michael A. Shipp: Status Conference Call held on 9/30/2011. (NR )
47	Oct. 20, 2011	Joint MOTION for Settlement /Provisional Entry of First Amended Consent Decree by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 First Amended Consent Decree with Attachments A-K, # 2 First Amended Declaration of Bernard R. Siskin, Ph.D.)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 10/20/2011) 1 First Amended Consent Decree with Attachments A-K View on PACER 2 First Amended Declaration of Bernard R. Siskin, Ph.D. View on PACER	RECAP
48	Nov. 2, 2011	FIRST AMENDED CONSENT DECREE fld. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 11/2/11. (sr, ) (Entered: 11/02/2011)	RECAP
49	Nov. 22, 2011	SECOND AMENDED CONSENT DECREE. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 11/22/11. (Attachments: # 1 attachment A, # 2 attachment B, # 3 attachment C, # 4 attachment D, # 5 attachment E, # 6 attachment F, # 7 attachment G, # 8 attachment H, # 9 attachment I)(sr, ) (Additional attachment(s) added on 11/22/2011: # 10 attachment J, # 11 attachment K) (dc). (Entered: 11/22/2011) 1 attachment A View on PACER 2 attachment B View on PACER 3 attachment C View on PACER 4 attachment D View on PACER 5 attachment E View on PACER 6 attachment F View on PACER 7 attachment G View on PACER 8 attachment H View on PACER 9 attachment I View on PACER 10 attachment J View on PACER 11 attachment K View on PACER	Clearinghouse
51	Jan. 30, 2012	Letter/Objection to the entry of the Consent Decree submitted by Scott M. Tesser. (sr, ) (Entered: 02/01/2012)	RECAP
53	Jan. 30, 2012	NOTICE/OBJECTION to entry of the Consent Decree submitted by Scott McNulty. (sr, ) (Entered: 02/03/2012)	RECAP
54	Jan. 30, 2012	NOTICE/OBJECTION to the entry of the Consent Decree submitted by Todd G. Bourke. (sr, ) (Entered: 02/03/2012)	RECAP
55	Jan. 30, 2012	NOTICE/OBJECTION to the entry of the Consent Decree submitted by Francis X. Sprague. (sr, ) (Entered: 02/03/2012)	RECAP
50	Feb. 1, 2012	Letter from U.S. Requesting Training. (HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 02/01/2012)	RECAP
52	Feb. 3, 2012	NOTICE by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA of Withdrawal of Appearance of Counsel (THAWLEY, BARBARA) (Entered: 02/03/2012)	RECAP
56	Feb. 9, 2012	ANSWER to Complaint, COUNTERCLAIM against NEW JERSEY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Francisco Brito, Edgar Taylor, Anthony DiGiglio, Eza Laypan, Brian Gilligan, Timothy Tabor, Gerard S Erit, Sean C. Reed, Paul Miccinilli, Louis S Pacelli, Ryan Duffy, Daniel E. Condon, Eric M Colondres, Eladio Lugo, Ryan S Curving, Abdelmonim S Hamdeh, Dean Barone, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, David Tanis, William Niebank, Raymond S Cusack, ANTONIO PISTONE, Brian Morgan, Gary DeStefano, Richard S Botbyl, Jack K. DeSalvo. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Movant Certifications)(MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 02/09/2012) 1 Exhibit Movant Certifications View on PACER	RECAP
57	Feb. 9, 2012	MOTION to Intervene by Dean Barone, Richard S Botbyl, Francisco Brito, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Ryan S Curving, Raymond S Cusack, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, Gerard S Erit, Brian Gilligan, Abdelmonim S Hamdeh, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, ANTONIO PISTONE, Louis S Pacelli, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order, # 2 Brief Brief in Support of Motion to Intervene, # 3 Exhibit Certifications, # 4 Exhibit Paterson, NJ Sergeant's Exam Candidate List 9/22/10, # 5 Statement Cover Letter)(MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Additional attachment(s) added on 2/9/2012: # 6 Exhibit "2", # 7 Exhibit "5") (mn). (Entered: 02/09/2012) 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order View on PACER 2 Brief Brief in Support of Motion to Intervene View on PACER 3 Exhibit Certifications View on PACER 4 Exhibit Paterson, NJ Sergeant's Exam Candidate List 9/22/10 View on PACER 5 Statement Cover Letter View on PACER 6 Exhibit "2" View on PACER 7 Exhibit "5" View on PACER	RECAP
58	Feb. 9, 2012	MOTION for Discovery by Dean Barone, Richard S Botbyl, Francisco Brito, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Ryan S Curving, Raymond S Cusack, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, Gerard S Erit, Brian Gilligan, Abdelmonim S Hamdeh, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, ANTONIO PISTONE, Louis S Pacelli, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order, # 2 Brief Brief in Support of Motion for Discovery, # 3 Exhibit Intervenor Certification, # 4 Exhibit Report of Dr. Paratore, # 5 Exhibit Holtz Learning Center Course Description, # 6 Statement Cover Letter)(MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 02/09/2012) 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order View on PACER 2 Brief Brief in Support of Motion for Discovery View on PACER 3 Exhibit Intervenor Certification View on PACER 4 Exhibit Report of Dr. Paratore View on PACER 5 Exhibit Holtz Learning Center Course Description View on PACER 6 Statement Cover Letter View on PACER	RECAP
59	Feb. 9, 2012	MOTION for Preliminary Injunction by Dean Barone, Richard S Botbyl, Francisco Brito, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Ryan S Curving, Raymond S Cusack, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, Gerard S Erit, Brian Gilligan, Abdelmonim S Hamdeh, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, ANTONIO PISTONE, Louis S Pacelli, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order, # 2 Brief Brief in Support of Injunctive Relief, # 3 Exhibit Movant/Intervenor Certifications, # 4 Exhibit Paterson, NJ Sergeant's Exam Candidate List 9/22/10, # 5 Statement Cover Letter)(MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 02/09/2012) 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order View on PACER 2 Brief Brief in Support of Injunctive Relief View on PACER 3 Exhibit Movant/Intervenor Certifications View on PACER 4 Exhibit Paterson, NJ Sergeant's Exam Candidate List 9/22/10 View on PACER 5 Statement Cover Letter View on PACER	RECAP
	Feb. 9, 2012	Set Deadlines as to 58 MOTION for Discovery, 59 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction, 57 MOTION to Intervene. Motion set for 3/5/2012 before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. The motion will be decided on the papers. No appearances required unless notified by the court. (sr, )
60	Feb. 21, 2012	BRIEF in Opposition filed by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA re 58 MOTION for Discovery, 59 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction, 57 MOTION to Intervene (Attachments: # 1 Attachments 1-4)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 02/21/2012) 1 Attachments 1-4 View on PACER	RECAP
61	Feb. 21, 2012	NOTICE by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA re 60 Brief in Opposition to Motion Certificate of Service (HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 02/21/2012)	RECAP
62	Feb. 22, 2012	Letter from United States re 60 Brief in Opposition to Motion. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Corrected Cover Page to U.S.' Brief in Opposition)(FUNK, HILARY) (Entered: 02/22/2012) 1 Supplement Corrected Cover Page to U.S.' Brief in Opposition View on PACER	RECAP
63	Feb. 27, 2012	REPLY BRIEF to Opposition to Motion filed by RICHARD BOTBYL, Dean Barone, Francisco Brito, RYAN CURVING, RAYMOND CUSACK, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, GERARD ERIT, Brian Gilligan, ABDELMONIM HAMDEH, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, LOUIS PACELLI, ANTONIO PISTONE, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor re 58 MOTION for Discovery, 59 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction, 57 MOTION to Intervene (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Attachment 1 - Certification of Ronald Altmann, # 2 Exhibit Attachment 2 - Email from NJ Civil Service Commission RE: Postponement of Sgt. Exam)(MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 02/27/2012) 1 Exhibit Attachment 1 - Certification of Ronald Altmann View on PACER 2 Exhibit Attachment 2 - Email from NJ Civil Service Commission RE: Postponement o View on PACER	RECAP
64	March 1, 2012	Joint MOTION for Settlement /Final Entry of Consent Decree by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Appendix Memorandum in Support of Final Entry, # 2 Appendix Proposed Final Entry Order, # 3 Appendix Categories of Objections, # 4 Appendix List of Objectors, # 5 Appendix Exhs. 1-31, # 6 Exhs. 32-57, # 7 Exhs. 58-79, # 8 Exhs. 80-109, # 9 Exhs. 110-135, # 10 Exhs. 136-159, # 11 Exhs. 160-181, # 12 Exhs. 182-208, # 13 Exhs. 209-231, # 14 Exhs. 232-248, # 15 Exhs. 249-284, # 16 Exh. 285, part 1, # 17 Exh. 285, part 2, # 18 Exh. 285, part 3, # 19 Exhs. 286-324, # 20 Exhs. 325-361, # 21 Exhs. 362-391, # 22 Exhs. 392-417, # 23 Exhs. 418-432, # 24 Exhs. 433-447, # 25 Exhs. 448-469)(HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 03/01/2012) 1 Appendix Memorandum in Support of Final Entry View on PACER 2 Appendix Proposed Final Entry Order View on PACER 3 Appendix Categories of Objections View on PACER 4 Appendix List of Objectors View on PACER 5 Appendix Exhs. 1-31 View on PACER 6 Exhs. 32-57 View on PACER 7 Exhs. 58-79 View on PACER 8 Exhs. 80-109 View on PACER 9 Exhs. 110-135 View on PACER 10 Exhs. 136-159 View on PACER 11 Exhs. 160-181 View on PACER 12 Exhs. 182-208 View on PACER 13 Exhs. 209-231 View on PACER 14 Exhs. 232-248 View on PACER 15 Exhs. 249-284 View on PACER 16 Exh. 285, part 1 View on PACER 17 Exh. 285, part 2 View on PACER 18 Exh. 285, part 3 View on PACER 19 Exhs. 286-324 View on PACER 20 Exhs. 325-361 View on PACER 21 Exhs. 362-391 View on PACER 22 Exhs. 392-417 View on PACER 23 Exhs. 418-432 View on PACER 24 Exhs. 433-447 View on PACER 25 Exhs. 448-469 View on PACER	RECAP
	March 2, 2012	Set Deadline as to 64 Joint MOTION for Settlement /Final Entry of Consent Decree. Motion set for 4/2/2012 before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. The motion will be decided on the papers. No appearances required unless notified by the court. (sr, )
	March 2, 2012	Reset Deadlines pursuant to consent decree filed on 11/22/11 as to 64 Joint MOTION for Settlement /Final Entry of Consent Decree. Motion with oral argument set for 3/12/2012 at 10:00 AM before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. (rg, )
65	March 8, 2012	MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply by RICHARD BOTBYL, Dean Barone, Francisco Brito, RYAN CURVING, RAYMOND CUSACK, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, GERARD ERIT, Brian Gilligan, ABDELMONIM HAMDEH, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, LOUIS PACELLI, ANTONIO PISTONE, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order, # 2 Brief Letter Brief in Support of Motion)(MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 03/08/2012) 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order View on PACER 2 Brief Letter Brief in Support of Motion View on PACER	RECAP
66	March 8, 2012	ORDER denying 58 Motion for Discovery; denying 59 Motion for Preliminary Injunction; denying 65 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 3/8/12. (rg, ) (Entered: 03/08/2012)	RECAP
67	March 12, 2012	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Katharine S. Hayden: Motion Hearing held on 3/12/2012 re 57 MOTION to Intervene filed by Brian Morgan, Richard Latrecchia, Dean Barone, Richard S Botbyl, Gary DeStefano, Eric M Colondres, Eladio Lugo, Ryan Duffy, Brian Gilligan, Daniel E. Condon, Eza Laypan, Paul Miccinilli, David Tanis, ANTONIO PISTONE, Sean C. Reed, William Niebank, Jack K. DeSalvo, Timothy Tabor, Anthony DiGiglio, Saleh Judah, Francisco Brito, Edgar Taylor, 64 Joint MOTION for Settlement /Final Entry of Consent Decree filed by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Decision reserved. (Court Reporter/Recorder Ralph Florio.) (rg, ) (Entered: 03/13/2012)	RECAP
68	March 23, 2012	Letter from U.S. Plaintiff Re: Objection Form and Exhibit Numbers. (Attachments: # 1 Objection from Kutiak)(LANDER, ESTHER) (Entered: 03/23/2012) 1 Objection from Kutiak View on PACER	RECAP
69	May 23, 2012	Transcript of Proceedings held on 3/12/12, before Judge Hayden. Court Reporter/Transcriber Ralph Florio (973-639-1817). Tape Number: Fairness Hearing. NOTICE REGARDING REDACTION OF TRANSCRIPTS: The parties have seven (7) calendar days to file with the Court a Notice of Intent to Request Redaction of this Transcript. Redaction Request due 6/13/2012. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/25/2012. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/21/2012. (tjg, ) (Main Document, Corrected Transcript 69 replaced on 7/23/2012) (ma). (Entered: 05/23/2012)	RECAP
70	June 12, 2012	ORDER denying 57 Motion to Intervene. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 6/12/12. (rg, ) (Entered: 06/12/2012)	RECAP
71	June 12, 2012	OPINION. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 6/12/12. (rg, ) (Entered: 06/12/2012)	Clearinghouse
72	June 12, 2012	ORDER granting 64 Motion for Settlement. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 6/12/12. (rg, ) (Entered: 06/12/2012)	RECAP
73	July 10, 2012	NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 70 Order on Motion to Intervene, 72 Order on Motion for Settlement by RICHARD BOTBYL, Dean Barone, Francisco Brito, RYAN CURVING, RAYMOND CUSACK, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, GERARD ERIT, Brian Gilligan, ABDELMONIM HAMDEH, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, LOUIS PACELLI, ANTONIO PISTONE, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor. Filing fee $ 455, receipt number 0312-4452669. The Clerk's Office hereby certifies the record and the docket sheet available through ECF to be the certified list in lieu of the record and/or the certified copy of the docket entries. (MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 07/10/2012)	RECAP
74	July 17, 2012	Letter. (MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 07/17/2012)	RECAP
75	July 17, 2012	TRANSCRIPT REQUEST by RICHARD BOTBYL, Dean Barone, Francisco Brito, RYAN CURVING, RAYMOND CUSACK, Eric M Colondres, Daniel E. Condon, Jack K. DeSalvo, Gary DeStefano, Anthony DiGiglio, Ryan Duffy, GERARD ERIT, Brian Gilligan, ABDELMONIM HAMDEH, Saleh Judah, Richard Latrecchia, Eza Laypan, Eladio Lugo, Paul Miccinilli, Brian Morgan, William Niebank, LOUIS PACELLI, ANTONIO PISTONE, Sean C. Reed, Timothy Tabor, David Tanis, Edgar Taylor for proceedings held on March 12, 2012 before Judge Hayden.. (MURPHY, JOSEPH) (Entered: 07/17/2012)	RECAP
	July 17, 2012	"Finance Advised" re: application for refund DE#74. (sr, )
76	July 25, 2012	CLERK'S ORDER Refunding Fees to Joseph M. Murphy, Esq. Re: Notice of Appeal. Signed by Theresa Burnett, Chief Deputy Clerk (sr, ) (Entered: 07/25/2012)	RECAP
	July 31, 2012	Case reassigned to Magistrate Judge Patty Shwartz. Magistrate Judge M. A. Shipp no longer assigned to the case. (mn, )
77	Sept. 7, 2012	USCA Case Number 12-2964 for 73 Notice of Appeal (USCA), filed by LOUIS PACELLI, Brian Morgan, ABDELMONIM HAMDEH, Richard Latrecchia, Dean Barone, RAYMOND CUSACK, Gary DeStefano, GERARD ERIT, Eric M Colondres, Eladio Lugo, Ryan Duffy, Brian Gilligan, Daniel E. Condon, Eza Laypan, Paul Miccinilli, David Tanis, ANTONIO PISTONE, Sean C. Reed, William Niebank, Jack K. DeSalvo, RICHARD BOTBYL, Timothy Tabor, RYAN CURVING, Anthony DiGiglio, Saleh Judah, Francisco Brito, Edgar Taylor. USCA Case Manager Stephanie/smw (Document Restricted - Court Only) (ca3smw, ) (Entered: 09/07/2012)	RECAP
78	Sept. 28, 2012	NOTICE by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA of Attorney Withdrawal (HUSSAIN, VARDA) (Entered: 09/28/2012)	RECAP
	Oct. 17, 2012	In response to the 10/17/12 inquiry - The conferences held on 3/3/11, 4/4/11, and 4/26/11 before the Hon. Michael A. Shipp were not held on the record and therefore no transcripts exist. (NR)
79	Dec. 6, 2012	Joint MOTION for Hearing on Individual Relief by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Exhibit B)(FUNK, HILARY) (Entered: 12/06/2012) 1 Text of Proposed Order View on PACER 2 Exhibit A View on PACER 3 Exhibit B View on PACER	RECAP
	Dec. 6, 2012	Set Deadline as to 79 Joint MOTION for Hearing on Individual Relief. Motion set for 1/7/2013 before Judge Katharine S. Hayden. The motion will be decided on the papers. No appearances required unless notified by the court. (sr, )
80	Jan. 18, 2013	ORDER granting a fairness hearing on individual relief. Fairness hearing set for 5/8/2013 and 5/9/13 commencing at 9:00 AM. Signed by Judge Katharine S. Hayden on 1/18/13. (rg, ) (Entered: 01/18/2013)	RECAP
81	March 12, 2013	NOTICE/OBJECTION by Keli Mainor-Oatman RE: individual relief entitled under the Consent Decree. (sr, ) (Entered: 03/19/2013)	RECAP
	April 11, 2013	Case Reassigned to Magistrate Judge Cathy L. Waldor. Magistrate Judge Patty Shwartz no longer assigned to the case. (aa, )

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Case Details

State / Territory:

New Jersey

Case Type(s):

Equal Employment

Special Collection(s):

Multi-LexSum (in sample)

Key Dates

Filing Date: Jan. 7, 2010

Closing Date: 2017

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Federal government

Plaintiff Type(s):

U.S. Dept of Justice plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

U.S. Dept. of Justice Civil Rights Division

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

State

State of New Jersey Civil Service Commission

Defendant Type(s):

Law-enforcement

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Title VII (including PDA), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e

Other Dockets:

District of New Jersey 2:10-cv-00091

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 12-02964

Available Documents:

Any published opinion

Complaint (any)

Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Granted:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Form of Settlement:

Court Approved Settlement or Consent Decree

Content of Injunction:

Follow recruitment, hiring, or promotion protocols

Other requirements regarding hiring, promotion, retention

Promotion

Retroactive Seniority

Utilize objective hiring/promotion criteria

Order Duration: 2012 - 2016

Issues

General/Misc.:

Pattern or Practice

Discrimination Area:

Discrimination Basis:

National origin discrimination

Race discrimination

Affected National Origin/Ethnicity(s):

Hispanic

Affected Race(s):

Black

Recommended Citation

Case Summary of United States v. State of New Jersey, Civil Rights Litig. Clearinghouse, http://www.dev.clearinghouse.net/case/10941/ (last updated 12/30/2018).