Case: Prisoners' Legal Services of New York v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security

COMPLAINT against Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (Filing Fee $ 405.00, Receipt Number ANYSDC-30739211)Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

CIVIL COVER SHEET filed..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

FILING ERROR - DEFICIENT PLEADING - SUMMONS REQUEST PDF ERROR - REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS as to U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement, Kristi Noem, Joseph E. Freden and Thomas Brophy in their official capacities, re: 1 Complaint,. Document filed by Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, New York Civil Liberties Union..(Jankauskas, Tyler) Modified on 3/11/2025 (pc). (Entered: 03/10/2025)

RULE 7.1 CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. No Corporate Parent. Document filed by Prisoners' Legal Services of New York..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

RULE 7.1 CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. No Corporate Parent. Document filed by Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

RULE 7.1 CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. No Corporate Parent. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS as to U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; Kristi Noem in her official capacity as Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Joseph E. Freden in his official capacity as Deputy Field Office Director, Buffalo Federal Detention Facility; Thomas Brophy in his official capacity as ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Buffalo Field Office Director, re: 1 Complaint,. Document filed by Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, New York Civil Liberties Union..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/11/2025)

ORDER . Plaintiffs are ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE no later than April 4, 2025 as to why this action should not be transferred to the Western District of New York. In the alternative, if the parties are willing to transfer this action to the Western District, the Court requests that the parties submit a joint letter stating that they consent to the transfer of this action to the Western District no later than April 4, 2025. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Gregory H. Woods on 3/11/25) (yv) Modified on 3/12/2025 (yv). (Entered: 03/12/2025)

CASE OPENING INITIAL ASSIGNMENT NOTICE: The above-entitled action is assigned to Judge Dale E. Ho. Please download and review the Individual Practices of the assigned District Judge, located at https://nysd.uscourts.gov/judges/district-judges. Attorneys are responsible for providing courtesy copies to judges where their Individual Practices require such. Please download and review the ECF Rules and Instructions, located at https://nysd.uscourts.gov/rules/ecf-related-instructions..(pc)

Case Opening Initial Assignment Notice

Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo is designated to handle matters that may be referred in this case. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Section 636(c) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 73(b)(1) parties are notified that they may consent to proceed before a United States Magistrate Judge. Parties who wish to consent may access the necessary form at the following link: https://nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2018-06/AO-3.pdf. (pc)

Case Designation

Case Designated ECF. (pc)

Case Designated ECF

***NOTICE TO ATTORNEY REGARDING DEFICIENT REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS. Notice to Attorney Tyler Jankauskas to RE-FILE Document No. 3 Request for Issuance of Summons,. The filing is deficient for the following reason(s): the PDF attached to the docket entry for the issuance of summons is not correct; Caption title does not exactly match Complaint caption title, party names also do not exactly match. Re-file the document using the event type Request for Issuance of Summons found under the event list Service of Process - select the correct filer/filers - and attach the correct summons form PDF. (pc)

Notice to Attorney Regarding Deficient Request for Issuance of Summons

Notice of Case Assignment/Reassignment

NOTICE OF CASE REASSIGNMENT to Judge Gregory H. Woods. Judge Dale E. Ho is no longer assigned to the case. (vba)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE OF PRO BONO COUNSEL by Sarah Decker on behalf of Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, New York Civil Liberties Union.(Decker, Sarah) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE OF PRO BONO COUNSEL by Sarah Telo Gillman on behalf of Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, New York Civil Liberties Union.(Gillman, Sarah) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

ELECTRONIC SUMMONS ISSUED as to Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (vf) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE OF PRO BONO COUNSEL by Kerry Quinn Battenfeld on behalf of Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, New York Civil Liberties Union.(Battenfeld, Kerry) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Jordan Scott Joachim on behalf of Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, New York Civil Liberties Union..(Joachim, Jordan) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE of Summons and Complaint, served. Thomas Brophy served on 3/12/2025, answer due 5/12/2025; Joseph E. Freden served on 3/12/2025, answer due 5/12/2025; Kristi Noem served on 3/12/2025, answer due 5/12/2025; U.S. Department of Homeland Security served on 3/12/2025, answer due 5/12/2025; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement served on 3/12/2025, answer due 5/12/2025. Service was made by Certified Mail. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union; Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights; Prisoners' Legal Services of New York..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 03/20/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE OF PRO BONO COUNSEL by Kerry Quinn Battenfeld on behalf of Prisoners' Legal Services of New York.(Battenfeld, Kerry) (Entered: 03/26/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE OF PRO BONO COUNSEL by Amy Belsher on behalf of New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights.(Belsher, Amy) (Entered: 03/27/2025)

MOTION for Casandra Mercedes Delgado to Appear Pro Hac Vice . Filing fee $ 200.00, receipt number ANYSDC-30872021. Motion and supporting papers to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - DC Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit B - Proposed Order, # 3 Exhibit C - Declaration in Support).(Delgado, Casandra) (Entered: 04/03/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Christopher Kendrick Connolly on behalf of Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 04/03/2025)

ORDER granting 17 Motion for Casandra Mercedes Delgado to Appear Pro Hac Vice. (HEREBY ORDERED by Judge Gregory H. Woods)(Text Only Order) (va) (Entered: 04/03/2025)

Notice Regarding Pro Hac Vice Motion

Order on Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice

>>>NOTICE REGARDING PRO HAC VICE MOTION. Regarding Document No. 17 MOTION for Casandra Mercedes Delgado to Appear Pro Hac Vice . Filing fee $ 200.00, receipt number ANYSDC-30872021. Motion and supporting papers to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff.. The document has been reviewed and there are no deficiencies. (rju)

ORDER: To conserve resources, to promote judicial efficiency, and in an effort to achieve a faster disposition of this matter, it is hereby ORDERED that the parties must discuss whether they are willing to consent, under 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), to conducting all further proceedings before the assigned Magistrate Judge. (Signed by Judge Gregory H. Woods on 4/4/2025) (sgz)

RESPONSE re: 8 Order to Show Cause,, . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 04/04/2025)

DECLARATION of Sarah T. Gillman re: 8 Order to Show Cause,, . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Sukmanowski November 17, 2023 E-mail).(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 04/04/2025)

DECLARATION of Jillian Nowak re: 8 Order to Show Cause,, . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 04/04/2025)

DECLARATION of Amy Belsher re: 8 Order to Show Cause,, . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 04/04/2025)

ORDER: The Court is in receipt of Plaintiffs' April 4, 2025 response to the Court's order to show cause why this case should not be transferred to the Western District of New York. Dkt. Nos. 21-24. The Court will not take further action o n the order to show cause at this time. For the avoidance of doubt, the Court has not determined that this case should not be transferred to the Western District of New York. The Court declines to do so now on its own initiative. It will consider any motion to transfer brought by a defendant in this case separately. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Gregory H. Woods on 4/6/2025) (mml)

ORDER REFERRING CASE TO MAGISTRATE JUDGE. Order that case be referred to the Clerk of Court for assignment to a Magistrate Judge for General Pretrial (includes scheduling, discovery, non-dispositive pretrial motions, and settlement) and Dispositive Motion (i.e., motion requiring a Report and Recommendation) and all such motions. Referred to Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo. (Signed by Judge Gregory H. Woods on 4/6/2025) (rro) (Entered: 04/07/2025)

LETTER addressed to Judge Gregory H. Woods from AUSA Christopher K. Connolly dated April 17, 2025 re: parties' joint letter responding to the Court's April 4, 2025, order. Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 04/17/2025)

LETTER MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer and for endorsement of parties' proposed briefing schedule on defendants' motion to transfer addressed to Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo from AUSA Christopher K. Connolly dated April 18, 2025. Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 04/18/2025)

ORDER granting 28 Letter Motion for Extension of Time to Answer re 1 Complaint. The briefing schedule proposed herein for the motion to transfer is GRANTED. Defendants' request for an extension to respond to the complaint is also GRANTED. Defendants are directed to respond to the complaint by May 30, 2025. This resolves the issues raised at ECF No. 28. Thomas Brophy answer due 5/30/2025; Joseph E. Freden answer due 5/30/2025; Kristi Noem answer due 5/30/2025; U.S. Department of Homeland Security answer due 5/30/2025; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement answer due 5/30/2025. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 4/21/2025) (rro) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

Set/Reset Deadlines

Set/Reset Deadlines: Motions due by 4/28/2025. Responses due by 5/9/2025 Replies due by 5/16/2025. (rro)

MOTION to Transfer Case . Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 04/28/2025)

MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Support re: 30 MOTION to Transfer Case . . Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 04/28/2025)

MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Opposition re: 30 MOTION to Transfer Case . . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/09/2025)

REPLY MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Support re: 30 MOTION to Transfer Case . . Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 05/16/2025)

MOTION for Preliminary Injunction . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

PROPOSED ORDER. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. Related Document Number: 34 ..(Jankauskas, Tyler) Proposed Order to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff. (Entered: 05/27/2025)

MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction . . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

DECLARATION of W. Bradley Wendel in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction .. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

DECLARATION of Jillian Nowak in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction .. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

DECLARATION of Osvaldo Hodge Valdez in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction .. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

DECLARATION of Anthony Enriquez in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction .. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

DECLARATION of Tyler Jankauskas in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction .. Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 Complaint March 20, 2025, # 2 Exhibit 2 Sukmanowski November 10, 2023 E-mail, # 3 Exhibit 3 ICE Performance-Based National Detention Standards 2011, # 4 Exhibit 4 ICE Buffalo Federal Detention Facility Handbook 2016, # 5 Exhibit 5 ICE Change in Policy and Procedures for Correspondence and Other Mail Due to Emergency Situation, # 6 Exhibit 6 ICE Change in Policy and Procedures for Detainee Visitation November 27, 2024).(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 05/27/2025)

ORDER with respect to 34 Motion for Preliminary Injunction. This case is referred to Magistrate Judge Figueredo for general pretrial matters and dispositive motions. Dkt. No. 26. Motions for preliminary injunctions are dispositive motions. See Sa voie v. Merchants Bank, 84 F.3d 52, 5960 (2d Cir. 1996); Mitchell v. Century 21 Rustic Realty, 233 F. Supp. 2d 418, 430 (E.D.N.Y.), affd, 45 F. App'x 59 (2d Cir. 2002) (collecting cases). For the avoidance of doubt, the Court construes Plaintiffs' motion as one made before Judge Figueredo. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Gregory H. Woods on 5/28/2025) (sgz)

LETTER MOTION for Extension of Time addressed to Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo from AUSA Christopher Connolly dated May 28, 2025. Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 05/28/2025)

Notice to Court Regarding Proposed Order

***NOTICE TO COURT REGARDING PROPOSED ORDER. Document No. 35 Proposed Order, was reviewed and approved as to form. (nd)

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo: Telephone Conference held on 5/30/2025. (sjo)

Telephone Conference

ORDER granting 43 Letter Motion for Extension of Time. Defendants' deadline to file an answer is adjourned sine die. A deadline will be set once the preliminary injunction motion is resolved. The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to terminate the motion at ECF No. 43. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 6/3/2025) (rro) (Entered: 06/03/2025)

MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Opposition re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction . . Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 06/10/2025)

DECLARATION of George P. Harvey Jr. in Opposition re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction .. Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - memorandum dated 11/8/23, # 2 Exhibit B - memorandum dated 11/13/23, # 3 Exhibit C - memorandum dated 11/15/23, # 4 Exhibit D - memorandum dated 1/10/24, # 5 Exhibit E - memorandum dated 5/13/24, # 6 Exhibit F - BFDF Policy 5.4.1, # 7 Exhibit G - memorandum dated 11/27/24, # 8 Exhibit H - Buffalo News article dated 1/28/24, # 9 Exhibit I - Albany Times Union article dated 3/18/25).(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 06/10/2025)

1 Exhibit A - memorandum dated 11/8/23

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2 Exhibit B - memorandum dated 11/13/23

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3 Exhibit C - memorandum dated 11/15/23

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4 Exhibit D - memorandum dated 1/10/24

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5 Exhibit E - memorandum dated 5/13/24

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6 Exhibit F - BFDF Policy 5.4.1

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7 Exhibit G - memorandum dated 11/27/24

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8 Exhibit H - Buffalo News article dated 1/28/24

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9 Exhibit I - Albany Times Union article dated 3/18/25

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REPLY MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Support re: 34 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction . . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Jankauskas, Tyler) (Entered: 06/17/2025)

ORDER SCHEDULING ORAL ARGUMENT: Oral argument regarding Plaintiffs' pending motion for a preliminary injunction at ECF No. 34 is hereby scheduled for Tuesday, July 1, 2025 at 3 p.m. in Courtroom 17-A, 500 Pearl Street, New York, New York. SO ORDERED. Oral Argument set for 7/1/2025 at 03:00 PM in Courtroom 17A, 500 Pearl Street, New York, NY 10007 before Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 6/17/2025) (rro) (Entered: 06/17/2025)

FIRST LETTER MOTION to Adjourn Conference Request to Reschedule Oral Argument on Preliminary Injunction Motion addressed to Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo from Pierre G. Armand dated June 24, 2025. Document filed by U.S. Department of Homeland Security..(Armand, Pierre) (Entered: 06/24/2025)

MOTION for Christopher K. Connolly to Withdraw as Attorney . Document filed by Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Connolly, Christopher) (Entered: 06/25/2025)

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Pierre G. Armand on behalf of Thomas Brophy, Joseph E. Freden, Kristi Noem, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement..(Armand, Pierre) (Entered: 06/25/2025)

ORDER granting 49 Letter Motion to Adjourn Conference. The motion to adjourn is GRANTED. Oral argument is rescheduled for Tuesday, July 29, 2025 at 11:00 a.m. in Courtroom 17-A, 500 Pearl Street, New York, New York. The Clerk of Court is respe ctfully directed to terminate the motion at ECF No. 49. Oral Argument set for 7/29/2025 at 11:00 AM in Courtroom 17A, 500 Pearl Street, New York, NY 10007 before Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 6/26/2025) (rro)

MOTION for Casandra Mercedes Delgado to Withdraw as Attorney . Document filed by New York Civil Liberties Union, Prisoners' Legal Services of New York, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights..(Delgado, Casandra) (Entered: 06/27/2025)

MEMO ENDORSEMENT granting 53 Motion to Withdraw as Attorney. ENDORSEMENT: The motion to withdraw is GRANTED. The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to terminate the motion at ECF No. 53. Attorney Casandra Mercedes Delgado terminated. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 7/1/2025) (rro) (Entered: 07/01/2025)

ORDER granting 50 Motion to Withdraw as Attorney. The motion to withdraw is GRANTED. The Court of Clerk is respectfully directed to terminate the motion at ECF No. 50. Attorney Christopher Kendrick Connolly terminated.SO ORDERED. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 7/1/2025) (ar) (Entered: 07/01/2025)

ORDER: Oral argument scheduled for Tuesday, July 29, 2025 at 11 a.m. (see ECF No. 52) will now take place in Courtroom 18-D, 500 Pearl Street, New York, New York. SO ORDERED. Oral Argument set for 7/29/2025 at 11:00 AM in Courtroom 18D, 500 Pearl Street, New York, NY 10007 before Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 7/15/2025) (rro) (Entered: 07/15/2025)

ORDER: As discussed at the oral argument for Plaintiffs' pending motion for a preliminary injunction on July 29, 2025, Defendants' answer is due Tuesday, August 12, 2025. SO ORDERED. Thomas Brophy answer due 8/12/2025; Joseph E. Freden answer due 8/12/2025; Kristi Noem answer due 8/12/2025; U.S. Department of Homeland Security answer due 8/12/2025; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement answer due 8/12/2025. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Valerie Figueredo on 7/29/2025) (rro)

Oral Argument

Transcript

Report and Recommendations

Notice of Appearance

Answer to Complaint

Extension of Time

Order on Motion for Extension of Time

Objection to Report and Recommendations

MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER re: 30 MOTION to Transfer Case . filed by U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Kristi Noem, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Joseph E. Freden, Thomas Brophy. Weighing the factors as described above, the Court finds that, on these facts, transfer of this action is warranted under § 1404(a). Defendants' motion to transfer this action to the Western District of New York is therefore GRANTED. The Clerk of Court is directed to terminate the motion pending at Dkt. No. 30, and to transfer this case to the Western District of New York without delay. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Gregory H. Woods on 8/25/2025) (sgz)

Case Transferred Out - District Transfer

Received Acknowledgment (Electronic Case Transfer)