Case: United States v. Hanzas

2:25-cv-00903 | U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont

Filed Date: Dec. 1, 2025

Case Ongoing

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Case Summary

This case involved a suit filed by the Attorney General of the United States against the Vermont Secretary of State seeking to compel Vermont’s statewide voter registration list, which includes sensitive personal information. Here are all of the DOJ Voter Data lawsuits in the Clearinghouse collection. The U.S. Attorney General, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), claimed authority to compel the statewide voter registration list under the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA), th…

The U.S. Attorney General, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), claimed authority to compel the statewide voter registration list under the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA), the Help America Vote Act (HAVA), and the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (CRA). Both the NVRA and HAVA require States to maintain and preserve certain records and papers relating to elections that fall within the scope of Section 301 of Title III of the CRA. Section 301 of the CRA requires state election officials to “retain and preserve … all records and papers which come into [their] possession relating to any application, registration, payment of poll tax, or other act requisite to voting in such election.” Section 303 of the CRA provides that such records “shall, upon demand in writing by the Attorney General … be made available for inspection, reproduction, and copying at the principal office of such custodian by the Attorney General or his representative….”

Based on this authority, the DOJ sent a letter to the Vermont Secretary of State, Sarah Copeland Hanzas, on September 8, 2025, seeking information regarding Vermont’s compliance with federal election law, including the state’s voter registration list and accompanying information on each registered voter: full name, date of birth, residential address, state driver’s license number, and the last four digits of the registrant’s social security number. When Secretary Hanzas declined to provide the information, citing data privacy concerns, the DOJ brought suit against Secretary Hanzas in the U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont on December 1, 2025. The case was assigned to Judge Mary Kay Lanthier.

In the complaint, the DOJ alleged that the CRA granted “sweeping power to obtain [the requested records.” Further, DOJ argued that if the custodian to whom the written demand is made refuses to comply, the CRA allows the DOJ to “request a Federal court to issue an order directing the officer of election to produce the demanded records.” Relying on Kennedy v. Lynd, 306 F.2d 222, 226 (5th Cir. 1962) and In re Gordon, 218 F. Supp. 826, 826-27 (S.D. Miss. 1963), the DOJ further argued that the reviewing court does not adjudicate “the factual foundation for, or the sufficiency of, the Attorney General’s ‘statement of the basis and the purpose’ contained in the written demand” or “the scope of the order to produce.”

In relief, the DOJ sought a declaration that Secretary Hanzas’s refusal violated Title III of the CRA, and an order compelling Secretary Hanzas to provide Vermont’s statewide voter registration list, “with all fields.” Contemporaneously with the complaint, the DOJ also filed a motion to compel the aforementioned records.

On December 11, Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, and Mary Andrews moved to intervene as defendants. On December 30, the Vermont Public Interest Research Group also moved to intervene as defendants. The court granted both motions on January 16 and 20, 2026, respectively.

Secretary Hanzas filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and a response in opposition to the DOJ’s motion to compel on January 15, 2026. In both, Secretary Hanzas argued that “[t]he United States’ demand for a complete, unredacted copy of Vermont’s entire voter registration database is procedurally improper, lacks any support in the statutes on which it purports to rely, and in any event violates Vermont privacy law.” The Intervenor-Defendants also filed motions to dismiss and responses in opposition to the DOJ’s motion to compel making substantially the same arguments on January 15 and 20, 2026.

This case is ongoing.

Summary Authors

Madena Mustafa (2/12/2026)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71980614/parties/united-states-v-hanzas/

Attorney for Plaintiff

Attorney for Defendant

Esq., Anthony Nicholas (Vermont)

Esq., David R. (Vermont)

Esq., Joshua C. (Vermont)

Esq., Marc E. (Vermont)

Esq., Ryan P. (Vermont)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Attorney for Plaintiff

Esq., Eric V. (Vermont)

Attorney for Defendant

Esq., Anthony Nicholas (Vermont)

Esq., David R. (Vermont)

Esq., Joshua C. (Vermont)

Esq., Marc E. (Vermont)

Esq., Ryan P. (Vermont)

Esq., Jonathan T. (Vermont)

Esq., Alexis Denae (Vermont)

Esq., Andrew B. (Vermont)

Esq., Kate Hamilton (Vermont)

Esq., Maura E. (Vermont)

Esq., Renata O'Donnell (Vermont)

Esq., Robert B. (Vermont)

Esq., Sejal Jhaveri (Vermont)

Esq., Julianna D. (Vermont)

Esq., Samuel B. (Vermont)

Other

Esq., Daniel M. (Vermont)

Esq., Geoffrey H. (Vermont)

Attorney Contact Information via CourtListener

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case

1 2:25-cv-00903	Complaint United States of America v. Hanzas	Dec. 1, 2025	Dec. 1, 2025 Complaint
2 2:25-cv-00903	Motion to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to the Civil Rights Act of 1960 United States of America v. Hanzas	Dec. 1, 2025	Dec. 1, 2025 Pleading / Motion / Brief
37 2:25-cv-00903	Defendant's Motion to Dismiss	Jan. 15, 2026	Jan. 15, 2026 Pleading / Motion / Brief

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Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71980614/united-states-v-hanzas/

Last updated April 20, 2026, 3:19 a.m.

ECF Number	Date	Description	Link
1	Dec. 1, 2025	COMPLAINT against Sarah Copeland Hanzas filed by United States of America. (Vandenberg, David) (Main Document 1 replaced, additional attachments added on 12/2/2025: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet and # 2 Proposed Summons) (kp) (Entered: 12/01/2025) 1 Civil Cover Sheet View on PACER 2 Proposed Summons View on PACER	Clearinghouse
2	Dec. 1, 2025	MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by United States of America (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Maureen S. Riordan, # 2 Memorandum in Support, # 3 Exhibit 1, # 4 Exhibit 2, # 5 Exhibit 3, # 6 Proposed Order)(Vandenberg, David) Clarified text, Main Document 2 replaced on 12/2/2025) (kp) (Entered: 12/01/2025) 1 Declaration of Maureen S. Riordan View on RECAP 2 Memorandum in Support View on RECAP 3 Exhibit 1 View on RECAP 4 Exhibit 2 View on RECAP 5 Exhibit 3 View on RECAP 6 Proposed Order View on RECAP	Clearinghouse
3	Dec. 2, 2025	NOTICE OF DOCKET ENTRY CORRECTION re: 1 Complaint filed by United States of America and 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by United States of America. The Main Document to Doc. 1 and Doc. 2 has been replaced to add the case number. The JS-44 Civil Cover Sheet and Proposed Summons was omitted and not uploaded at the time of filing. These documents as well as Main Documents for Doc. 1 and 2 now attached to 1 and 2 and this entry. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Proposed Summons, # 3 Doc. 2 Main Document) (kp) Clarified text on 12/2/2025 (kp). (Entered: 12/02/2025)	RECAP
4	Dec. 2, 2025	ISSUED Summons as to Sarah Copeland Hanzas. (kp) (Entered: 12/02/2025)	RECAP
	Dec. 2, 2025	Add and Terminate Judges
	Dec. 2, 2025	Case assigned to Judge Mary Kay Lanthier. (kac)
5	Dec. 11, 2025	SUMMONS RETURNED Executed. Sarah Copeland Hanzas served on 12/11/2025, answer due 1/2/2026.(Vandenberg, David) (Entered: 12/11/2025)	RECAP
6	Dec. 11, 2025	MOTION to Intervene filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Exhibit B, # 4 Exhibit C, # 5 Exhibit D, # 6 Exhibit E, # 7 Exhibit F, # 8 Exhibit G)(Abbuhl, Joshua) Clarified text on 12/12/2025 (kp). (Additional attachment(s) added on 12/12/2025: # 9 Index of Exhibits) (kp). (Entered: 12/11/2025) 1 Memorandum in Support View on RECAP 2 Exhibit A View on RECAP 3 Exhibit B View on PACER 4 Exhibit C View on PACER 5 Exhibit D View on PACER 6 Exhibit E View on PACER 7 Exhibit F View on PACER 8 Exhibit G View on PACER 9 Index of Exhibits View on PACER	RECAP
7	Dec. 11, 2025	CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT pursuant to Local Rule 7.1(a) by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans (Abbuhl, Joshua) (Entered: 12/11/2025)	RECAP
8	Dec. 12, 2025	NOTICE OF DOCKET ENTRY CORRECTION re: 6 MOTION to Intervene filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews. The required Index of Exhibits was not included at the time of filing. The index is now attached to 6 and this entry. (kp) (Entered: 12/12/2025)	RECAP
9	Dec. 17, 2025	NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Jonathan T. Rose, Esq on behalf of Sarah Copeland Hanzas.(Rose, Jonathan) (Entered: 12/17/2025)	RECAP
10	Dec. 17, 2025	STIPULATED MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint and STIPULATED MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by Sarah Copeland Hanzas(Rose, Jonathan) Clarified text on 12/17/2025 (kp). (Entered: 12/17/2025)	RECAP
11	Dec. 17, 2025	NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Ryan P. Kane, Esq on behalf of Sarah Copeland Hanzas.(Kane, Ryan) (Entered: 12/17/2025)	RECAP
12	Dec. 17, 2025	ORDER granting 10 Stipulated Motion for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint and STIPULATED MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960. Defendant's response to the Complaint and Motion to Compel are due on or before January 15, 2026. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 12/17/2025. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 12/17/2025)	RECAP
	Dec. 17, 2025	Order on Motion for Extension of Time to Answer AND Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply
13	Dec. 23, 2025	CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews re 6 MOTION to Intervene .(Abbuhl, Joshua) (Entered: 12/23/2025)	RECAP
14	Dec. 23, 2025	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of David Robert Fox (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2166996) filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Proposed Order) (Abbuhl, Joshua) Modified on 12/29/2025 to clarify attachments and Main Document 14 replaced) (sjl). (Entered: 12/23/2025)	RECAP
15	Dec. 24, 2025	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Marc E. Elias (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2167061) filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Proposed Order) (Abbuhl, Joshua) Modified on 12/29/2025 to clarify attachments and Main Document 15 replaced) (sjl). (Entered: 12/24/2025)	RECAP
16	Dec. 29, 2025	NOTICE OF DOCKET ENTRY CORRECTION re: 15 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Marc E. Elias, 14 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of David Robert Fox. The Main Documents have been replaced with corrected versions and are now attached to 14, 15, and this entry. (Attachments: # 1 Main Document 15) (sjl) (Entered: 12/29/2025)	RECAP
17	Dec. 29, 2025	ORDER granting 14 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of David Robert Fox. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 12/29/2025. (kp) (Entered: 12/29/2025)	RECAP
18	Dec. 29, 2025	ORDER granting 15 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Marc E. Elias. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 12/29/2025. (kp) (Entered: 12/29/2025)	RECAP
19	Dec. 30, 2025	UNOPPOSED MOTION to Intervene as Defendant filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum of Law in Support, # 2 Index of Exhibits, # 3 Exhibit A, # 4 Exhibit B, # 5 Exhibit C, # 6 Exhibit D)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) Clarified text on 12/30/2025 (kp). (Entered: 12/30/2025) 1 Memorandum of Law in Support View on RECAP 2 Index of Exhibits View on RECAP 3 Exhibit A View on PACER 4 Exhibit B View on RECAP 5 Exhibit C View on PACER 6 Exhibit D View on PACER	RECAP
20	Jan. 12, 2026	NOTICE of Connecticut Order for Hearing to Show Cause by United States of America re 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1)(Vandenberg, David) (Entered: 01/12/2026) 1 Exhibit 1 View on PACER	RECAP
21	Jan. 14, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Alexis Grady filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172695)(Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Alexis Grady)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Main Document 21 replaced and Additional attachment(s) added on 1/14/2026: # 2 Certificate of Good Standing) (law). (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
22	Jan. 14, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Robert Brent Ferguson filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172696)(Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Robert Brent Ferguson)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Main Document 22 replaced and Additional attachment(s) added on 1/14/2026: # 2 Certificate of Good Standing) (law). (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
23	Jan. 14, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Daniel Lenz filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172698)(Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Daniel Lenz)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Main Document 23 replaced and Additional attachment(s) added on 1/14/2026: # 2 Certificate of Good Standing) (law). (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
24	Jan. 14, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Katherine Hamilton filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172700)(Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Katherine Hamilton)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Main Document 24 replaced and Additional attachment(s) added on 1/14/2026: # 2 Certificate of Good Standing) (law). (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
25	Jan. 14, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Renata O'Donnell filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172713)(Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Renata O'Donnell)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Main Document 25 replaced and Additional attachment(s) added on 1/14/2026: # 2 Certificate of Good Standing) (law). (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
26	Jan. 14, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Sejal Jhaveri filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172714) (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Sejal Jhaveri)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Main Document 26 replaced and Additional attachment(s) added on 1/14/2026: # 2 Certificate of Good Standing) (law). (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
27	Jan. 14, 2026	NOTICE OF DOCKET ENTRY CORRECTION re: 21 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Alexis Grady, 22 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Robert Brent Ferguson, 23 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Daniel Lenz, 24 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Katherine Hamilton, 25 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Renata O'Donnell, 26 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Sejal Jhaveri filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. The motions were uploaded with the Certificates of Good Standing combined and have been broken apart. They are now separately attached to Documents 21 - 26 and this entry. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Good Standing (Alexis Grady), # 2 Motion (Robert B. Ferguson), # 3 Certificate of Good Standing (Robert B. Ferguson), # 4 Motion (Daniel S. Lenz), # 5 Certificate of Good Standing (Daniel S. Lenz), # 6 Motion (Katherine Hamilton), # 7 Certificate of Good Standing (Katherine Hamilton), # 8 Motion (Renata O'Donnell), # 9 Certificate of Good Standing (Renata O'Donnell)) (law) (Entered: 01/14/2026)	RECAP
28	Jan. 15, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Julianna Astarita (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2172965) filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Julianna Astarita, # 2 Certificate of Good Standing, # 3 Proposed Order)(Abbuhl, Joshua) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
29	Jan. 15, 2026	NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Samuel B. Stratton, Esq on behalf of Sarah Copeland Hanzas.(Stratton, Samuel) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
30	Jan. 15, 2026	ORDER granting 21 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Alexis Grady. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/15/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
31	Jan. 15, 2026	ORDER granting 23 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Daniel Lenz. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/15/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) Clarified text on 1/15/2026 (kp). (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
32	Jan. 15, 2026	ORDER granting 24 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Katherine Hamilton. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/15/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
33	Jan. 15, 2026	ORDER granting 22 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Robert Brent Ferguson. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/15/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
34	Jan. 15, 2026	ORDER granting 25 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Renata O'Donnell. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/15/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
35	Jan. 15, 2026	ORDER granting 26 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Sejal Jhaveri. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/15/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
36	Jan. 15, 2026	RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by Sarah Copeland Hanzas. (Kane, Ryan) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
37	Jan. 15, 2026	MOTION to Dismiss 1 Complaint for Failure to State a Claim filed by Sarah Copeland Hanzas(Kane, Ryan) (Entered: 01/15/2026)	Clearinghouse
38	Jan. 15, 2026	MOTION for Leave to File Proposed Motion to Dismiss and Opposition to Motion to Compel filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group (Attachments: # 1 Attachment Proposed Motion to Dismiss and Memorandum in Support, # 2 Attachment Exhibit A - United States v. Weber Order, # 3 Attachment Proposed Opposition to Motion to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 (ECF No. 2))(Hamilton, Kate) (Entered: 01/15/2026) 1 Proposed Motion to Dismiss and Memorandum in Support View on RECAP 2 Exhibit A View on PACER 3 Proposed Opposition to Motion to Compel Production of Records Demande View on PACER	RECAP
39	Jan. 15, 2026	PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Memorandum in Support, # 2 Exhibit 1)(Abbuhl, Joshua) Clarified text on 1/16/2026 (kp). (Entered: 01/15/2026) 1 Proposed Memorandum in Support View on RECAP 2 Exhibit 1 View on PACER	RECAP
40	Jan. 15, 2026	PROPOSED RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews. (Abbuhl, Joshua) Clarified Text on 1/16/2026 (kp). (Entered: 01/15/2026)	RECAP
	Jan. 15, 2026	Order on Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice
41	Jan. 16, 2026	ORDER granting 6 Motion to Intervene. No opposition to the Motion to Intervene has been filed. The court finds intervention is appropriate under Fed. R. Civ. P. 24(b) for the reasons stated in the Motion. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/16/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/16/2026)	RECAP
	Jan. 16, 2026	Order on Motion to Intervene
42	Jan. 20, 2026	ORDER granting 19 Unopposed Motion to Intervene as Defendant by Vermont Public Interest Research Group . No opposition to the Motion to Intervene has been filed. The court finds intervention is appropriate under the Fed. R. Civ. P. 24(b) for the reasons stated in the motion. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/20/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/20/2026)	RECAP
43	Jan. 20, 2026	ORDER granting 38 Motion for Leave to File Proposed Motion to Dismiss and Opposition to Motion to Compel. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/20/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/20/2026)	RECAP
44	Jan. 20, 2026	MOTION to Dismiss filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support, # 2 Exhibit A)(Hamilton, Kate) Clarified text on 1/21/2026 (kp). (Attachment 2 replaced on 1/21/2026) (kp). (Entered: 01/20/2026) 1 Memorandum in Support View on RECAP 2 Exhibit A View on PACER	RECAP
45	Jan. 20, 2026	RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Jhaveri, Sejal) (Entered: 01/20/2026)	RECAP
	Jan. 20, 2026	Order on Motion for Leave to File
	Jan. 20, 2026	Order on Motion to Intervene
46	Jan. 21, 2026	NOTICE OF DOCKET ENTRY CORRECTION re: 44 MOTION to Dismiss filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. Attachment #2 replaced to correct illegible double headers. The correct document is now attached to 44, as well as to this entry. (kp) (Entered: 01/21/2026)	RECAP
47	Jan. 23, 2026	ORDER granting 28 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Julianna Astarita. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/23/2026. (kp) (Entered: 01/23/2026)	RECAP
48	Jan. 29, 2026	REPLY to Responses to 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960 filed by United States of America. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2, # 3 Exhibit 3) (kp) (Entered: 01/29/2026) 1 Exhibit 1 View on PACER 2 Exhibit 2 View on PACER 3 Exhibit 3 View on PACER	RECAP
49	Jan. 29, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Andrew Garber filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2179116)(Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Andrew B. Garber, # 2 Certificate of Good Standing)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Entered: 01/29/2026)	RECAP
50	Jan. 29, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Maura Eileen O'Connor filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2179117) (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Maura Eileen O'Connor, # 2 Certificate of Good Standing)(Iarrapino, Anthony Nicholas) (Entered: 01/29/2026)	RECAP
51	Jan. 30, 2026	ORDER granting 49 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Andrew Garber. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/30/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/30/2026)	RECAP
52	Jan. 30, 2026	ORDER granting 50 Motion for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Maura Eileen O'Connor. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 1/30/2026. (This is a text-only Order.)(kap) (Entered: 01/30/2026)	RECAP
	Jan. 30, 2026	Order on Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice
53	Feb. 2, 2026	MAIL RETURNED as Undeliverable re: 33 Order on Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice. (Attachments: # 1 Document 33 (TOO)) (kp) (Entered: 02/03/2026)	RECAP
54	Feb. 5, 2026	NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Geoffrey H. Hand, Esq on behalf of State of Maryland. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(Hand, Geoffrey) Clarified text on 2/6/2026 (kp). (Entered: 02/05/2026)	RECAP
55	Feb. 5, 2026	MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Daniel Kobrin filed by State of Maryland. (Filing fee $ 150 receipt number AVTDC-2182388) (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Daniel Kobrin, # 2 Certificate of Good Standing, # 3 Proposed Order)(Hand, Geoffrey) (Entered: 02/05/2026)	RECAP
56	Feb. 6, 2026	ORDER granting 55 MOTION for Appearance Pro Hac Vice of Daniel Kobrin. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 2/6/2026. (kp) (Entered: 02/06/2026)	RECAP
57	Feb. 12, 2026	MOTION for Leave to File Amicus Brief filed by State of Maryland (Attachments: # 1 Tendered Amicus Brief, # 2 Proposed Order)(Kobrin, Daniel) Clarified text on 2/12/2026 (kp). (Entered: 02/12/2026) 1 Tendered Amicus Brief View on PACER 2 Proposed Order View on PACER	RECAP
58	Feb. 17, 2026	RESPONSE in Opposition re 37 MOTION to Dismiss 1 Complaint for Failure to State a Claim; 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim and 44 MOTION to Dismiss filed by United States of America. (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Declaration of Eric Neff, # 3 Exhibit 1, # 4 Exhibit 2, # 5 Exhibit 3, # 6 Exhibit 4, # 7 Exhibit 5, # 8 Exhibit 6, # 9 Exhibit 7, # 10 Exhibit 8, # 11 Exhibit 9) (kp) (Entered: 02/18/2026) 1 Index of Exhibits View on PACER 2 Declaration of Eric Neff View on PACER 3 Exhibit 1 View on PACER 4 Exhibit 2 View on PACER 5 Exhibit 3 View on PACER 6 Exhibit 4 View on PACER 7 Exhibit 5 View on PACER 8 Exhibit 6 View on PACER 9 Exhibit 7 View on PACER 10 Exhibit 8 View on PACER 11 Exhibit 9 View on PACER	RECAP
59	Feb. 25, 2026	NOTICE of Substitution of Counsel by United States of America (Bennett, Brittany) (Entered: 02/25/2026)	RECAP
60	Feb. 25, 2026	ORDER granting 57 MOTION for Leave to File Amicus Brief. Signed by District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier on 2/25/2026. (kp) (Entered: 02/25/2026)	RECAP
61	Feb. 27, 2026	NOTICE of Hearing re: 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960, 37 MOTION to Dismiss 1 Complaint for Failure to State a Claim, 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim, 44 MOTION to Dismiss . Motion Hearing set for 4/14/2026 at 01:30 PM in Rutland Courtroom before District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier.(jlm) (Entered: 02/27/2026)	RECAP
62	March 1, 2026	NOTICE of Attorney Substitution by Brittany E. Bennett, Esq. and Christopher J. Gardner, Esq. as to United States of America(Bennett, Brittany) Clarified text on 3/2/2026 (kp). (Entered: 03/01/2026)	RECAP
63	March 2, 2026	BRIEF of Amici Curiae by State of Maryland (Multistate Amicus Brief) re: 60 ORDER granting 57 MOTION for Leave to File Amicus Brief (Kobrin, Daniel) Clarified text on 3/2/2026 (kp). (Entered: 03/02/2026)	RECAP
64	March 3, 2026	REPLY to Response to 37 MOTION to Dismiss 1 Complaint for Failure to State a Claim filed by Sarah Copeland Hanzas. (Kane, Ryan) (Entered: 03/03/2026)	RECAP
65	March 3, 2026	REPLY to Response to 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews. (Abbuhl, Joshua) (Entered: 03/03/2026)	RECAP
66	March 3, 2026	REPLY to Response to 44 MOTION to Dismiss filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group. (Hamilton, Kate) (Entered: 03/03/2026)	RECAP
67	April 9, 2026	NOTICE of Supplemental Authority re 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Abbuhl, Joshua) (Attachment 1 replaced on 4/10/2026) (kp). Clarified text on 4/10/2026 (kp). (Entered: 04/09/2026) 1 Exhibit A View on PACER	RECAP
68	April 10, 2026	NOTICE OF DOCKET ENTRY CORRECTION re: 67 NOTICE of Supplemental Authority re 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews. Attachment #1 replaced to correct illegible double headers. The correct document is now attached to 67 as well as to this entry. (kp) (Entered: 04/10/2026)	RECAP
69	April 14, 2026	RESPONSE re 67 NOTICE of Supplemental Authority re 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim by United States of America. (kp) (Entered: 04/14/2026)	RECAP
70	April 14, 2026	MINUTE ENTRY for proceedings held before District Judge Mary Kay Lanthier: Motion Hearing held on 4/14/2026 re: 2 MOTION to Compel Production of Records Demanded Pursuant to The Civil Rights Act of 1960; 39 PROPOSED MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim filed by Vermont Alliance for Retired Americans, Richard Monterosso, Mary Andrews; 37 MOTION to Dismiss 1 Complaint for Failure to State a Claim; and 44 MOTION to Dismiss filed by Vermont Public Interest Research Group.Brittan E. Bennett, Esq. and Christopher J. Gardner, Esq. present for the United States of America. Ryan P. Kane, Esq. present for Sarah Copeland Hanzas. Joshua C. Abbuhl, Esq. for VT Alliance for Retired Americans. Kate Hamilton, Esq. present for VT Public Interest Research Group. Court makes inquiries, statements by counsel. ORDERED: Motions taken under advisement. (Court Reporter: Sunnie Donath) (jlm) (Entered: 04/14/2026)	RECAP
	April 14, 2026	Motion Hearing AND ~Util - Motions Taken Under Advisement
71	April 16, 2026	Transcript	RECAP
72	April 17, 2026	Notice (Other)	RECAP

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Case Details

State / Territory:

Vermont

Case Type(s):

Election/Voting Rights

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations By the Government

Voting/Election Law

Key Dates

Filing Date: Dec. 1, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

The United States of America

Plaintiff Type(s):

U.S. Dept of Justice plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

State

Vermont Secretary of State

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Other Dockets:

District of Vermont 2:25-cv-00903

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Relief Sought:

Document/Information

Damages

Relief Granted:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Voting:

Access to Voter Rolls / Voter Information

Recommended Citation

Case Summary of United States v. Hanzas, Civil Rights Litig. Clearinghouse, http://www.dev.clearinghouse.net/case/47614/ (last updated 2/12/2026).