Case: Hershberger v. Scaletta

1:91-cv-00191 | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Iowa

Filed Date: Aug. 2, 1991

Closed Date: 1994

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

On August 2, 1991, seven inmates at the Iowa Men's Reformatory (IMR) brought a Section 1983 action against prison officials in the United District Court for the Northern District of Iowa. The plaintiffs, represented by private counsel, challenged the IMR mail policy denying free legal postage to indigent inmates, and the IMR rule requiring inmates to keep moving while exercising and also allowing officials to rescind exercise privileges without due process of law. In 1993, upon the parties' c…

On August 2, 1991, seven inmates at the Iowa Men's Reformatory (IMR) brought a Section 1983 action against prison officials in the United District Court for the Northern District of Iowa. The plaintiffs, represented by private counsel, challenged the IMR mail policy denying free legal postage to indigent inmates, and the IMR rule requiring inmates to keep moving while exercising and also allowing officials to rescind exercise privileges without due process of law.

In 1993, upon the parties' consent, the case was tried before Magistrate John A. Harvey. The Magistrate found in favor of the plaintiffs on their claim that the IMR policy on legal mail denied them meaningful access to the courts. The court enjoined IMR from denying free postage to indigent inmates for legal purposes, charging inmates 50 cents per month for having a negative account balance as the result of purchasing legal postage, and forbidding inmates from exceeding $7.50 indebtedness for legal postage. IMR was further required to supply each indigent inmate weekly with at least one free stamped envelope for use for legal mail. However, the court held in favor of the defendants on the plaintiffs' challenge to the IMR exercise rule, finding the regulation did not violate due process or Eighth Amendment rights. Hershberger v. Scaletta, 861 F.Supp. 1470 (N.D. Iowa 1993).

Parties on both sides appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. The Court of Appeals (Judges Pasco M. Bowman II, Gerald W. Heaney, and C. Arlen Beam) affirmed the magistrate judge's order in all respects. In a concurring opinion, Judge Heaney questioned the majority's reasoning with respect to inmates' personal mail, feeling that indigent inmates should have some access to free postage for personal mail as well. Hershberger v. Scaletta, 33 F.3d 955 (8th Cir. 1994).

Summary Authors

Chris Sullivan (8/20/2005)

People


Judge(s)

Beam, Clarence Arlen (Nebraska)

Bowman, Pasco Middleton II (Missouri)

Heaney, Gerald William (Minnesota)

Attorney for Defendant

Baker, Angela S. (Iowa)

Ensign, Kristin W. (Iowa)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case

1:91-cv-00191

Docket (PACER)

Dec. 14, 1994

Dec. 14, 1994

Docket
58

1:91-cv-00191

Order

Oct. 4, 1993

Oct. 4, 1993

Order/Opinion

861 F.Supp. 1470

93-03783

93-03785

Opinion

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

Oct. 20, 1994

Oct. 20, 1994

Order/Opinion

33 F.3d 955

Docket

Last updated March 25, 2025, 8:12 a.m.

ECF Number Date Description Link
1 June 24, 1991

APPLICATION TO PROCEED in forma pauperis by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
2 July 20, 1991

STATEMENT of financial status by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
3 Aug. 2, 1991

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to proceed in forma pauperis. Clerk to file complaint w/o prepayment of fees. Marshal to serve defts & Ia. Atty. Gen. w/o prepayment of fees. Atty. Gen. to notify court if she lacks consent of defts to appear in their behalf. Defts to ans/plead w/in 45 days(Sep. 16,1991) (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
4 Aug. 2, 1991

COMPLAINT (Summons(es) w/notice,consents,LR16 and reports to USM for svc) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
5 Aug. 7, 1991

MOTION by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger to amend complaint , and to proceed in forma pauperis by new party pltfs. assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
6 Aug. 16, 1991

RETURN OF SERVICE executed upon defendant Fred Scaletta, defendant John A Thalacker, defendant Larry Brimeyer, defendant Steven Salviati, defendant Kenneth Lewis answer due on Sep. 16, 1991 frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
7 Aug. 26, 1991

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to amend complaint [5-1] (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
8 Aug. 26, 1991

AMENDED COMPLAINT (Summons(es) w/ notice, consents, LR 16 and Rpt form to USM for svc). [4-1] by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger; adding Kenneth Wheeler, Thomas Sherwood, Steven Schakel frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
9 Aug. 26, 1991

MOTION by defendant Kenneth Wheeler to proceed in forma pauperis assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
10 Aug. 26, 1991

MOTION by defendant Thomas Sherwood to proceed in forma pauperis assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
11 Aug. 26, 1991

MOTION by defendant Steven Schakel to proceed in forma pauperis assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
12 Sept. 18, 1991

ANSWER by defendants frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
14 Sept. 25, 1991

RESISTANCE to Answer & Affirmative Defenses by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, plaintiff Kenneth Wheeler, plaintiff Thomas Sherwood, plaintiff Schakel frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
15 Sept. 25, 1991

MOTION by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, plaintiff Kenneth Wheeler, plaintiff Thomas Sherwood, plaintiff Steven Schakel for preliminary injunction , for temporary restraining order assigned to Chief Judge Michael J. Melloy frmemp Modified on 01/21/1993 (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
16 Sept. 25, 1991

BRIEF in support of Mot. for P.I. &/or TRO by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, plaintiff Kenneth Wheeler, plaintiff Thomas Sherwood, plaintiff Schakel frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
17 Sept. 26, 1991

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey: Pltfs. S. Schakel, T. Sherwood & K. Wheeler are allowed to proceed informa pauperis. Clerk to send 08/26/91 amended complaint, J09/18/91 answer & court's 09/20/91 order to each pltf.(cc: all counsel)i frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
18 Oct. 9, 1991

RESISTANCE by defendants to motion for preliminary injunction [15- 1], to motion for temporary restraining order [15-2] frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
19 Oct. 10, 1991

REPORT to the court by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, plaintiff Kenneth Wheeler, plaintiff Thomas Sherwood, plaintiff Steven Schakel frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
20 Oct. 11, 1991

ORDER by Judge David R. Hansen: Clerk to apt. counsel for pltfs pursuant to IOLTA; denying motion for preliminary injunction [15-1], denying motion for temporary restraining order [15-2] (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
21 Oct. 28, 1991

ATTORNEY APPEARANCE for plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, plaintiff Kenneth Wheeler, plaintiff Thomas Sherwood, plaintiff Steven Schakel by Philip B Mears frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
22 Jan. 7, 1992

MOTION by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, plaintiff Kenneth Wheeler, plaintiff Thomas Sherwood, plaintiff Steven Schakel to expend Library Funds assigned to Chief Judge Michael J. Melloy frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
23 Jan. 21, 1992

MOTION by plaintiff to extend deadlines for disc. & dispositive motions assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
24 Feb. 25, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to extend deadlines for disc. & dispositive motions [23-1] ; Discovery ddl Apr. 1, 1992 ; Motion filing ddl May 1, 1992 (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
26 April 17, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to extend discovery [25-1] ; Discovery ddl May 1, 1992 (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
27 May 7, 1992

MOTION by plaintiffs to extend discovery assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
28 May 18, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey ; Telephone Status hearing June 3, 1992 at 9:00 a.m. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
29 June 1, 1992

MOTION to intervene by Scott Olmstead; Thomas Rayer; & Ernest Douglas assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
30 June 4, 1992

SCHEDULING ORDER Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey ; motion filing ddl Oct. 1,1992 ; Discovery Sep. 1,1992 (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
31 June 5, 1992

RESISTANCE by defendants to motion to intervene by Scott Olmstead; Thomas Rayer; & Ernest Douglas [29-1] frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
32 June 10, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to intervene by Scott Olmstead; Thomas Rayer; & Ernest Douglas [29-1] (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
33 July 17, 1992

MOTION by plaintiffs, intervenor plaintiffs to amend & substitute complaint assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
34 Aug. 5, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to amend & substitute complaint [33-1] (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
35 Aug. 5, 1992

AMENDED & SUBSTITUTED COMPLAINT frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
36 Aug. 18, 1992

ANSWER by defendant to [35-1] frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
37 Oct. 9, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey ; Pretrial order ddl Nov. 30, 1992 (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
38 Oct. 28, 1992

ORDER by Chief Judge Michael J. Melloy: Pltf. to file document w/Court indicating whether request to expend Library Funds, filed 01/07/92, remains a viable motion. Pleading due w/in 15 days(Nov. 12, 1992) (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
39 Nov. 13, 1992

STATEMENT re: Library Fund Motion by plaintiffs, intervenor plaintiffs in support of [22-1] frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
40 Dec. 1, 1992

MOTION by plaintiffs, intervenor plaintiffs to extend time to submit Proposed PFTO assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
42 Dec. 30, 1992

ORDER by Chief Judge Michael J. Melloy Case referred to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey for Report & Recommendation (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
43 Dec. 30, 1992

ORDER by Chief Judge Michael J. Melloy granting motion to expend Library Funds. Clerk to issue check from Library Fund in amt. of $300.50 to Mears Law office (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
44 Dec. 30, 1992

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to extend time to submit Proposed PFTO. Pltf's. proposed FPTO submitted 12/3/92 is deemed timely. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
45 Jan. 11, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey Court Trial RESET March 8, 1993 at 10:00 a.m. at IMR (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/21/1993)

PACER
46 Feb. 4, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey ; Trial Reset for 3/9/93 at 9:00 a.m., IMR, and will continue on that date until completed. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 02/04/1993)

PACER
47 Feb. 18, 1993

MOTION by defendants to extend time to file trial brief assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 02/18/1993)

PACER
48 Feb. 25, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to extend time to file trial brief [47-1]Defts to file trial brief by Feb 27, 1993 (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 02/28/1993)

PACER
49 March 2, 1993

PRE-TRIAL BRIEF FILED by defendants frmemp (Entered: 03/05/1993)

PACER
50 March 3, 1993

PRE-TRIAL BRIEF FILED by plaintiffs frmemp (Entered: 03/05/1993)

PACER
51 March 10, 1993

CLERK'S COURT MINUTES from Ct Trial hld 3/9/93 - Ruling Reserved frmemp (Entered: 03/10/1993)

PACER
52 March 10, 1993

EXHIBIT/WITNESS list from Ct Trial hld 3/9/93 frmemp (Entered: 03/10/1993)

PACER
53 March 25, 1993

MOTION by defendants, to extend time to file post-trial brief assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 03/26/1993)

PACER
54 March 30, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to extend time to file post-trial brief [53-1]; Defts. shall have to Apr. 7, 1993 to file post-trial brief (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 03/30/1993)

PACER
55 April 9, 1993

POST TRIAL BRIEF FILED by defendants frmemp (Entered: 04/13/1993)

PACER
56 May 3, 1993

POST TRIAL BRIEF FILED by plaintiff frmemp (Entered: 05/04/1993)

PACER
58 Oct. 4, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey: ct. finds in favor of pltfs Douglas & Olmstead on claim of denial of access to cts as a result of IMR policy on legal mail. Deft Thalacker is enjoined from (1) denying free postage to indigent inmates for legal purposes, (2) charging inmates 50 cents per month for having a negative balance in their acct as the result of purchasing legal postage, (3) forbidding inmates to exceed $7.50 total indebtedness for legal postage under the present standard called "exceptional need". Deft Thalacker is ordered to provide indigent inmates weekly w/at least one free stamped envelope, or such other larger number o free stamped envelopes as is deemed appropriate by prison officials, for use for legal mail. The ct finds in favor of defts on pltfs' claim of denial of rights of familial privacy as a result of the IMR policy on personal mail. The ct finds in favor of defts on pltfs' claims of violation of their 8th or 14th amendment rights as a result of the IMR exercise yard policy. The clerk shall enter jdmt in favor of pltfs Douglas & Olmstead & against deft Thalacker in his official capacity as warden of the IMR on the claim noted in paragraphs 1 & 2 above. The clerk shall enter jdmt in favor of the defts on all other claims by pltfs Douglas & Olmstead and in favor of all defts against all claims of all other pltfs. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 10/05/1993)

PACER
59 Oct. 4, 1993

JUDGMENT: dismissing case (cc: all counsel) frmemp Modified on 10/14/1993 (Entered: 10/05/1993)

PACER
60 Oct. 4, 1993

JUDGMENT: (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 10/05/1993)

PACER
61 Oct. 12, 1993

MOTION by plaintiffs for reconsideration of ct's order & jdmt of 10/4/93 assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 10/13/1993)

PACER
62 Oct. 25, 1993

RESISTANCE by defendants to motion for reconsideration of ct's order & jdmt of 10/4/93 [61-1] frmemp (Entered: 10/25/1993)

PACER
63 Oct. 29, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey setting hearing on motion for reconsideration of ct's order & jdmt of 10/4/93 [61-1] for 11/3/93 at a time convenient to parties; Parties are responsible for placing the call; Pltf. ordered to supplement the Mot. for Reconsideration w/in 3 days of receipt of this order by stating rule under which the ot. is brought (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 10/29/1993)

PACER
64 Nov. 3, 1993

SUPPLEMENT by plaintiffs re motion for reconsideration of ct's order & jdmt of 10/4/93 [61-1] frmemp (Entered: 11/03/1993)

PACER
65 Nov. 5, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey denying motion for reconsideration of ct's order & jdmt of 10/4/93 [61-1]. Time for filing an appeal extended to 11/15/93 before 5:00 p.m. No further extensions will be granted. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 11/08/1993)

PACER
66 Nov. 12, 1993

NOTICE OF APPEAL by defendant John A Thalacker from Dist. Court decision [58-1] (cc: all counsel) w/dkt sheet 8th CCA w/dkt sheets, Order Judgment frmemp (Entered: 11/12/1993)

PACER
67 Nov. 12, 1993

RECEIVED re [66-1] fee in amount of $ 105.00 ( Receipt # 95438) frmemp (Entered: 11/12/1993)

PACER
68 Nov. 15, 1993

MOTION by plaintiff to defer the question of atty fees & costs assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 11/15/1993)

PACER
69 Nov. 15, 1993

NOTICE OF APPEAL by plaintiffs from Dist. Court decision [60-1], [59-2], [58-1] (cc: all counsel) w/dkt sheet 8th CCA w/dkt sheets, Order Judgment frmemp (Entered: 11/15/1993)

PACER
70 Nov. 17, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion to defer the question of atty fees & costs [68-1]. This matter may be brought before the court upon the resolution of the appeals to the 8th Cir Ct of Appeals. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 11/17/1993)

PACER
71 Dec. 2, 1993

MOTION by plaintiff Jeffrey Hershberger, intervenor plaintiff Scott P Olmstead, intervenor plaintiff Thomas Rayer to prepare transcript at Govt. expense assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 12/02/1993)

PACER
72 Dec. 3, 1993

MOTION by defendant John A Thalacker to correct Notice of Appeal assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 12/06/1993)

PACER
73 Dec. 8, 1993

TRANSCRIPT of trial held on 3/9/93 frmemp (Entered: 12/08/1993)

PACER
74 Dec. 15, 1993

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey denying motion to correct Notice of Appeal [72-1], as it appears that FRCP 60(a) requires such application to be made to the appellate court. Deft to pay $633.00 to Ctrptr for his copy of the transcript. Pltfs shall pay $158.25 for their copy of the transcript. Upon filing the cross-appellants' appellate brief, a copy of said brief shall be delivered to this court. The pltfs may then re-urge this motion and the ct will determine whether the transcript was necessary to promote important litigation interests. Until then, pltfs' 12/2/93 motion to prepare a transcript at government's expense [71-1] is denied. (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 12/15/1993)

PACER
75 Dec. 22, 1993

MOTION by plaintiffs for reconsideration of Ct/s 12/15/93 order assigned to Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey frmemp (Entered: 12/23/1993)

PACER
76 Jan. 11, 1994

ORDER by Chief Mag Judge John A. Jarvey granting motion for reconsideration of Ct/s 12/15/93 order [75-1]; it is ordered that payment of costs of $158.25 for pltfs' copy of the transcript in this matter be pd pursuant to 28 USC 753(f). (cc: all counsel) frmemp (Entered: 01/11/1994)

PACER
77 Nov. 3, 1994

CERTIFIED COPY of Order/Opinion from Circuit Ct affirming the decision of the District Court on appeal [69-1], affirming the decision of the District Court on appeal [66-1] frmemp (Entered: 11/08/1994)

PACER
79 Nov. 30, 1994

NOTICE of Intention to Dispose of Trial Exhibits on 12/12/94. CMA frmemp (Entered: 12/01/1994)

PACER
80 Dec. 14, 1994

STATEMENT of destruction of trial exhibits on December 14, 1994. CMA frmemp (Entered: 12/14/1994)

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory:

Iowa

Case Type(s):

Prison Conditions

Key Dates

Filing Date: Aug. 2, 1991

Closing Date: 1994

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Inmates alleging that prison's policies regarding legal postage for indigent inmates, and prison's rules regarding exercising and permitting officials to rescind exercise privileges without due process in response to misbehavior, were unconstitutional

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Unknown

Class Action Outcome: Unknown

Defendants

State

Iowa Men's Reformatory

Facility Type(s):

Government-run

Case Details

Causes of Action:

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Constitutional Clause(s):

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

Due Process

Other Dockets:

Northern District of Iowa 1:91-cv-00191

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 93-03783

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 93-03785

Available Documents:

Any published opinion

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Granted:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Source of Relief:

Litigation

Issues

General/Misc.:

Mail

Recommended Citation